A recent record number of cases of polymer fume fever, also known as “Teflon flu,” has focused attention on one of the most common causes of the illness: the use of Teflon-coated frying pans.
More than 265 suspected cases of polymer fume fever were reported in 2023, the highest number of cases since 2000, according to the American Poison Centers, which is affiliated with the U.S. government and represents 55 poison centers across the country.
More than 3,600 suspected cases of polymer fume fever have been reported in the past 20 years, according to the center. Not all of these cases occurred at home, and many were the result of occupational exposure, the center said. But experts say the new record calls attention to the proper use of these pans when cooking at home.
The condition is caused by overheating a pan coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which releases fumes into the air that, if inhaled, can cause flu-like symptoms.
Symptoms of polymer fume fever include chest tightness, coughing, difficulty breathing, and headache.
Symptoms often go away within two to three days, but the long-term effects of the illness are unknown, according to ABC News medical contributor and emergency physician Dr. Darien Sutton.
“While we don’t yet know the long-term effects, we do know that these chemicals, PFAS, have been linked to health problems like thyroid problems, certain cancers, including kidney cancer, and infertility,” Sutton told “Good Morning America” on Friday. “So it’s important that we use these products safely.”
PFAS are synthetic chemicals that have been used for decades in products like non-stick cookware, cosmetics and water-repellent clothing, but have more recently been linked to adverse health effects in some cases, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
In the United States, manufacturers are not required to list PFAS on their labels.
Also, make sure to use the pot in a well-ventilated area.
According to nonstick cookware manufacturers, it’s important to properly care for your nonstick pots and pans to avoid damage.
Most importantly, nonstick pans, such as Teflon-coated pans, shouldn’t be heated above 500 degrees, according to manufacturers. This includes never preheating the pan on high heat on the stove or putting it in a hot oven without food inside.
Sutton said people should check their nonstick cookware to see if it’s old or worn, and recommend disposing of it if it’s more than three to five years old.
Also, use the pot in a well-ventilated area.
According to the Poison Control Center, if you experience symptoms of polymer fume fever, it is recommended that you move away from the source of the fumes, drink fluids and use over-the-counter painkillers to reduce fever and body aches.
People with lung disease or who have persistent symptoms may also need to see a doctor.
If you need emergency assistance, call Poison Help at 1.800.222.1222 to speak with a poison expert or visit PoisonHelp.org for support and resources.
Editor’s note: This report has been updated to reflect that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated pans are not specific to any one manufacturer.
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